• The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter 

      Zhang, Duan; Zhang, Qing-He; Ma, Y.-Z.; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Lyons, L.R.; Xing, Zan-Yang; Hairston, Marc; Deng, Z.-X.; Liu, J.-J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      By using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter ...
    • Do the Throat Auroras Create Polar Cap Patches? 

      Zhang, Duan; Zhang, Qing-He; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Xu, Tong; Xing, Zan-Yang; Lyons, L.R.; Han, De-Sheng; Zhang, Hong-Bo; Ma, Yu-Zhang; Hu, Ze-Jun; Liu, Jian-Jun; Wang, Yong; Wang, Xiang-Yu (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Throat auroras and polar cap patches are common phenomena in the polar ionosphere resulting from magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. A campaign was organized, with all-sky imagers at Yellow River Station, the European ...
    • Multi-Instrument Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Patches Associated With Flow Shears and Particle Precipitation 

      Zhang, Duan; Zhang, Qing-He; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Xing, Zan-Yang; Lyons, L.R.; Yang, Hui-Gen; Li, Guo-Jun; Hosokawa, Keisuke; Shinbori, Atsuki; Ma, Yu-Zhang; Wang, Yong; Wang, Xiang-Yu (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Simultaneous observations from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Swarm, Resolute Bay all-sky imagers, GPS Total Electron Content and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, are used to investigate the evolution and key ...